The calculators link a number to its measurement context. These are the references behind the launch data.
Unit definitions and conversions
- NIST Handbook 133, Appendix E: General Tables of Units of Measurement — includes the US measuring-cup relationship to fluid ounces.
- NIST SP 811, Appendix B.8 — conversion factors across volume and mass units. Some displayed factors are rounded.
- Unicode CLDR 48 unit conversions — a software-oriented reference for explicit unit factors and separate US, Imperial, and metric definitions.
- FDA guidance on household measures — the distinct metric equivalents used for US nutrition labeling.
- USDA ARS measurement conversion tables — familiar US cup and spoon relationships.
Ingredient portions
| Ingredient | Reference | Important limit |
|---|---|---|
| All-purpose flour | King Arthur ingredient chart; measurement guidance | Keep the measurement method with the source portion. |
| Granulated white sugar | King Arthur ingredient chart | The record is specific to the named sugar. |
| Butter | King Arthur ingredient chart | The calculation scales the source’s half-cup gram portion. |
| Whole milk | USDA ARS, food description 1.051 | A historical whole cow’s milk portion reference based on the 1994–96 survey. |
For these ingredient records, the source cup’s milliliter capacity is not confirmed. The tools scale the source portion without assigning an exact cup standard.
Reading a reference responsibly
A linked source supports the particular definition or portion described here. It does not imply that the source endorses this website. Original portion values, source labels, and review dates appear with the calculator record.
Our methodology explains how those records become results and why an ingredient estimate remains different from a defined unit conversion.
Source checks and feedback
| Ingredient | Published portion | Source and record | Checked |
|---|---|---|---|
| All-purpose flour | 1 cup, 120 g | King Arthur Baking ingredient weight chart All-Purpose Flour | |
| Granulated white sugar | 1 cup, 198 g | King Arthur Baking ingredient weight chart Sugar (granulated white) | |
| Butter | 1/2 cup, 113 g | King Arthur Baking ingredient weight chart Butter | |
| Whole cow’s milk | 1 cup, 244 g | USDA ARS food portions, section 1.051 1.051 Whole Milk | |
| Powdered sugar | 1 cup unsifted, 120 g | USDA FoodData Central SR Legacy, FDC 169656 169656 | |
| Active dry yeast | 1 tablespoon, 12 g | USDA FoodData Central SR Legacy, FDC 175043 175043 | |
| Raw garlic | 1 cup, cut size unspecified, 136 g | USDA FoodData Central SR Legacy, FDC 169230 169230 | |
| Raw blackberries | 1 cup raw blackberries, 144 g | USDA FoodData Central SR Legacy, FDC 173946 173946 | |
| Raw blueberries | 1 cup raw blueberries, 148 g | USDA FoodData Central SR Legacy, FDC 171711 171711 | |
| Raw diced potatoes, flesh and skin | ½ cup diced, raw, flesh and skin, 75 g | USDA FoodData Central SR Legacy, FDC 170026 170026 | |
| Shredded cheddar | 1 cup shredded cheddar, 113 g | USDA FoodData Central SR Legacy, FDC 173414 173414 |
The printable charts cite the source used for each table.
Report a measurement error with the selected units, input and result. For a food, include the exact record shown by the converter.
Unit Definitions
The registry stores separate mass, volume and temperature definitions. A defined mass converts without knowing the food. To estimate mass from a kitchen measure, select the food and the matching household portion.